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Radar · Model frontier and open weights · T2 · 2029 · THESIS

Chinese labs hold the open-weights lead through 2029

On each of 2027-12-31, 2028-12-31, and 2029-12-31 the highest-scoring open-weights model on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index is developed by a lab headquartered in mainland China.

THESISshiftindicators on trackregistered 2026-09-08Artificial AnalysisDeepSeekAlibabaMoonshotZ.aiMiniMaxByteDanceTencentBaiduStepFun

ClaimOn each of 2027-12-31, 2028-12-31, and 2029-12-31 the highest-scoring open-weights model on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index is developed by a lab headquartered in mainland China.
Consensus (implied)50%implied from Artificial Analysis open-weights models page · 2026-09-07
Distance0.00log-odds · in line with consensus
My confidence50%80% CI 3565%
Engine43%-7 pts vs me · council-only:log-odds-mean
Falsifies ifOn any of the three snapshot dates the top open-weights model is from a lab headquartered outside mainland China.
HorizonDecember 31, 20291211 days · by end-2029 · milestone ladder

Why it matters

If the best weights an enterprise can run on its own hardware keep coming from China, sovereign-AI and procurement policy collide with engineering reality for every regulated buyer in the US and Europe. That tension shapes where inference capacity gets built and which models it is allowed to run. A US open-weights comeback would remove the tension; the thesis says it does not arrive.

Probability over time

0%25%50%75%100%09-0709-0709-08deadline

Registered at 50% on September 8, 2026. Engine repriced 2 times; now 43%.

Milestone ladder

Dated rungs. Each is scored on its own; the thesis does not get credit for the ladder until the rungs land.

0%50%100%2026-09-30m165%2027-12-31m275%2028-12-31m365%2029-12-31m455%

filled bar · my probabilityhollow dot · engineamber date · due, awaiting adjudication

m1 · 2026-09-30 · 65% · DeepSeek publishes the V4-Pro-0813 build weights to Hugging Face. on the Ledger ↗

m2 · 2027-12-31 · 75% · Top open-weights model on the AA index is from a mainland-China lab.

m3 · 2028-12-31 · 65% · Top open-weights model on the AA index is from a mainland-China lab.

m4 · 2029-12-31 · 55% · Top open-weights model on the AA index is from a mainland-China lab.

Leading indicators

Registered thresholds. Status is computed from the latest public reading.

Developer HQ of the top open-weights AA modelno data

boolean (1 = mainland China HQ)

10no data yet

on track == 1 · off == 0artificial-analysis

connector returned no usable reading · checked 2026-09-07

Hugging Face downloads, Meta Llama organizationon track

25.5M downloads per month

30M60M

on track < 30M · off >= 60Mhf-hub

series as of 2026-09-07

Count of Chinese-lab open-weights models in the AA top 20 overallno data

count

31no data yet

on track >= 3 · off <= 1artificial-analysis

connector returned no usable reading · checked 2026-09-07

What would move me

Would raise my number

  • DeepSeek or Qwen release a model within 4 points of the overall AA leader in 2027.
  • Meta or OpenAI publicly deprioritize open-weights releases.
  • Chinese labs keep quarterly flagship cadence despite export controls.

Would cut it

  • A US or European lab open-weights a model that takes the top open spot for a full quarter.
  • Chinese labs move flagship releases to closed APIs only.
  • Artificial Analysis reclassifies restrictive-licence Chinese models as not open.

Council · 43%

6 personas on one model (openai/gpt-5.6-sol); other vendors were unavailable this run, so read this as one model's persona-averaged view.

45%

grid-and-power-planner · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

The relevant reference class is annual retention of a technology-leader ecosystem, not any single model. Starting from the stated 22-point lead and China’s multi-lab open-weight cadence, I assign roughly 0.78 for 2027, then conditional retention probabilities of 0.78 in 2028 and 0.75 in 2029. Their product is about 0.46; I shave slightly for leaderboard/label discontinuation and adverse ambiguity. The snapshots are highly path-dependent, but the conjunctive rule still creates three opportunities for one near-frontier release from Meta, OpenAI, Google, NVIDIA, or a European lab to cause a miss. Meta downloads measure adoption, not AA leadership. My estimate is modestly below the stated 0.50.

43%

semiconductor-supply-chain-analyst · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

The relevant reference class is country-level benchmark leadership in fast-moving model ecosystems, not persistence by one lab. China benefits from several qualifying developers, a sustained lead since 2025, and a large current 60-to-38 gap. I estimate roughly 0.78 for 2027, then conditional retention probabilities near 0.76 and 0.73 as rival-release and compute-access hazards accumulate. Those risks are correlated: a durable shift toward near-frontier US or European open-weight releases could spoil multiple snapshots, while continued Chinese openness supports all three. Compounding the conditional estimates and allowing a small probability that the required leaderboard or label disappears yields about 0.43.

42%

enterprise-cio · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

I use frontier-model leaderboard persistence under rapid release cycles as the reference class. China’s reported 22-point baseline advantage, multiple qualifying labs, and leadership since early 2025 make 2027 favorable. However, three conjunctive year-end snapshots expose the thesis to repeated release-cycle risk: I estimate conditional qualification probabilities near 0.80, 0.76, and 0.72. Their product is 0.44, reduced slightly for index/label discontinuation and resolution ambiguity. Meta download volume indicates ecosystem adoption, not a model capable of topping this index. A single near-frontier open-weight release outside mainland China causes a miss.

44%

credit-analyst · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

Reference class: persistence of open-weight leaderboard regimes since 2025, adjusted for three conjunctive year-end snapshots. The supplied baseline shows a large 22-point Chinese lead and several qualifying labs, making 2027 leadership likely. However, the horizon allows Meta, OpenAI, Google, NVIDIA, or a European lab to release near-frontier weights; only one non-Chinese leader on one snapshot causes a miss. I estimate conditional success near 0.80, 0.76, and 0.73 across the three dates. Compounding gives roughly 0.44 after a small allowance for index or label discontinuation. Positive correlation across years prevents treating each snapshot as an independent coin flip.

44%

geopolitics-policy-analyst · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

The reference class is annual leadership persistence on fast-moving AI model benchmarks: incumbency matters, but leads are vulnerable to infrequent major releases. The supplied 60-versus-38 gap and multiple qualifying Chinese labs support about 0.78 for 2027. Conditional on retaining leadership, I use 0.77 for 2028 and 0.76 for 2029; correlation makes this more appropriate than multiplying unconditional milestone estimates. Their product is 0.46, reduced slightly for leaderboard or label discontinuation. Meta’s download volume shows ecosystem strength, not near-frontier benchmark leadership. A single US or European near-frontier open-weight release causes a miss, so I am below the forecaster’s 0.50.

38%

superforecaster-statistician · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

Base rate: 0.30 for a currently leading national bloc remaining first at all three annual snapshots of a fast-moving technology benchmark. I adjust upward because the supplied baseline shows a large 60–38 gap, several independent qualifying Chinese labs, and leadership since early 2025. I adjust downward for the strict three-leg conjunction, plausible near-frontier open-weight releases by non-Chinese labs, exact-date exposure, and automatic failure if the index or label disappears. The milestone probabilities multiply to 0.27 under independence; positive persistence across years raises the joint estimate, but not to 0.50. The key leaderboard indicators were unavailable, and no calibration history was supplied.